Molecular analysis of these different components can provide distinct and complementary information (Table 1).

The advantage of investigating patient-reported outcomes is to provide the scientific community with complementary evidence-based information on how to choose the less-burdensome strategy for newly diagnosed patients, or on how to better support patients undergoing treatment with each particular TKI.

There is considerable evidence demonstrating the potential of aspirin to prevent cancer. However, as discussed in this article, a precision medicine approach is needed to identify patients for whom the benefits outweigh the risks of chronic aspirin use.  Nat Rev Cancer  2016; 16: 173–186. doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.4

In comparison to BiTE ® , DARTs have longer in vitro half-life, while maintaining effective cytotoxicity and capacity of B-cell lysis. 114 Tandem diabodies (TandAb ® ) are composed of four variable domains expressed in one long polypeptide, which are connected by linkers of varying lengths that direct complementary dimerization to form tetravalent bispecific antibodies or diabody folding to form bivalent bispecific antibodies. 115 The efficiency of TandAb ® formation is dependent on the linker length, but this structure offers the potential for higher avidity from bivalency for each target.

An expert analysis of the scientific and logistical challenges and suggested solutions for the development of precision medicine for the management of metastatic breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol  2015; 12: 693–704. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.123