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18-11-2016 | Pediatric lymphoma | Article

4. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Authors: Jessica Hochberg, MD, Nader Kim El-Mallawany, MD, Laurence Brugieres, MD, Andrew McMillan, MD, Mitchell S. Cairo, MD

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Abstract

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies accounting for a significant portion of cancers occurring in children, adolescents, and young adults. The incidence increases with age as children grow into young adults. While there are greater than 30 distinct diagnostic NHL entities classified by the World Health Organization (WHO), five diseases account for >90 % of cases in CAYA—Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Other B-cell, T-cell, and NK-cell lymphomas have been described in CAYA, but the incidence is relatively low. Cure rates for CAYA with NHL range from 75 % to 90 % depending on risk stratification and are generally superior to outcomes in comparison to adult data. Inasmuch, there has been a paradigm shift to treat older adolescents and young adults on pediatric protocols, resulting in encouraging results. This chapter will review the clinical and biological characteristics of NHL occurring in CAYA, with particular focus on the nuances of disease in adolescents and young adults. The ultimate goal is to achieve the same excellent curative outcomes in adolescents and young adults that have been established in the pediatric literature.
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