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A comprehensive evaluation of bladder cancer epidemiology and outcomes in Australia

  • Urology – Review
  • Published:
International Urology and Nephrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To review bladder cancer statistics and management in Australia and identify gaps for future work here.

Methods

Evidence was reviewed from GLOBOCAN 2008v2.0, Pubmed, and conference presentations. We also use data from reports from Cancer Council Australia, State Cancer Councils, and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

Results

The incidence and mortality rates of bladder cancer in Australia closely parallel those of other developed countries. Bladder cancer was the 8th most common cause of cancer in men, and the 17th most common cause of cancer in women. Bladder cancer was the 13th most common cause of cancer death in men, and the 17th most common cause of cancer death in women. We briefly review the evidence regarding causality, including nutritional, occupational, and environmental factors. We compare Australian incidence and mortality rates internationally, by state/territory, by socioeconomic strata, and by geographical regions. Importantly, we review evidence on the quality of bladder cancer management in Australia.

Conclusions

The geographical, regional, and socioeconomic differences in Australian bladder cancer statistics may be associated with different patterns of diagnosis and treatment.

Implications

The quality of bladder cancer surveillance and cystectomies in Australia requires improvement to conform to global standards and to improve decreasing survival rates.

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Abbreviations

ACT:

Australian Capital Territory

ARIA:

Accessibility/Remoteness Index for Australia

ASR (ASR1960W):

Age-Standardised Rate according to 1960 Standard World Population

ASR (ASR2001Aus):

Age-Standardised Rate according to 2001 Standard Australian Population

IR:

Inner Regional Australia

MC:

Major Cities of Australia

NSW:

New South Wales

NT:

Northern Territory

OR:

Outer Regional Australia

R:

Remote Australia

SA:

South Australia

SEIFA:

Socio-economic Indexes for Areas

TAS:

Tasmania

VR:

Very Remote Australia

Vs.:

Versus

WA:

Western Australia

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the New South Wales Cancer Institute for funding this study through Early Career Research Fellowship: M.I.P.

Conflict of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Urological Cancer Outcomes Centre, Department of Surgery, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Suite 10, 16-18 Mons Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia

    Rajkumar Cheluvappa, Sabina Cerimagic & Manish I. Patel

  2. Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Kings Cross, NSW, 1340, Australia

    David P. Smith

  3. Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4222, Australia

    David P. Smith

Authors
  1. Rajkumar Cheluvappa
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  2. David P. Smith
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  3. Sabina Cerimagic
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  4. Manish I. Patel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manish I. Patel.

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Cheluvappa, R., Smith, D.P., Cerimagic, S. et al. A comprehensive evaluation of bladder cancer epidemiology and outcomes in Australia. Int Urol Nephrol 46, 1351–1360 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0643-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0643-z

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