Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Alteration and Clinical Significance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

  • Published:
Inflammation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Immunological T cells and associated cytokines have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). However, the abnormal immune imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets on MM remains unknown. We investigate the proportions of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2/Th17/T regulatory (Treg) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by flow cytometry (FCM), and serum levels of relevant cytokines in MM patients and controls were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of T-bet, STAT6, RORgammat, and Foxp3 was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The CD4+ Th1 and CD4+ Th17 cells in patients with MM were significantly higher than those in health controls as well as the expression of T-bet and RORgammat mRNA. Furthermore, serum levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-6, and IL-17A in MM group were greatly increased and significantly associated with each other. Significant differences on Th cells, cytokines, and transcription factors were observed on MM patients. The imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets was thought to contribute to the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of MM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sedlarikova, L., et al. 2014. Cytokine profiles of multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Klinická Onkologie 27(1): 18–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Mehtap, O., et al. 2014. IL-21 and other serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with multiple myeloma at diagnosis. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 60(2): 141–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Song, X.N., et al. 2013. Expression levels of IL-27 and IL-17 in multiple myeloma patients: a higher ratio of IL-27:IL-17 in bone marrow was associated with a superior progression-free survival. Leukemia Research 37(9): 1094–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Abbas, A.K., K.M. Murphy, and A. Sher. 1996. Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383(6603): 787–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mosmann, T.R., and S. Sad. 1996. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunology Today 17(3): 138–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Park, H., et al. 2005. A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17. Nature Immunology 6(11): 1133–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bettelli, E., M. Oukka, and V.K. Kuchroo. 2007. T(H)-17 cells in the circle of immunity and autoimmunity. Nature Immunology 8(4): 345–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Komiyama, Y., et al. 2006. IL-17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Immunology 177(1): 566–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sakaguchi, S., et al. 2006. Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease. Immunology Reviews 212: 8–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ryba-Stanislawowska, M., et al. 2013. Loss of the balance between CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and CD4(+)IL17A(+) Th17 cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. Human Immunology 74(6): 701–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Boissier, M.C., et al. 2008. Shifting the imbalance from Th1/Th2 to Th17/treg: the changing rheumatoid arthritis paradigm. Joint, Bone, Spine 75(4): 373–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cheng, X., et al. 2008. The Th17/Treg imbalance in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clinical Immunology 127(1): 89–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang, Y., et al. 2013. Function of peripheral blood Th17 cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 21(5): 1187–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jandus, C., et al. 2008. Increased numbers of circulating polyfunctional Th17 memory cells in patients with seronegative spondylarthritides. Arthritis and Rheumatism 58(8): 2307–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Elias, K.M., et al. 2008. Retinoic acid inhibits Th17 polarization and enhances FoxP3 expression through a Stat-3/Stat-5 independent signaling pathway. Blood 111(3): 1013–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gavin, M.A., et al. 2007. Foxp3-dependent programme of regulatory T-cell differentiation. Nature 445(7129): 771–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang, X., et al. 2009. Expression of IL-23 and IL-17 and effect of IL-23 on IL-17 production in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology International 29(11): 1343–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81301494).

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no financial interests to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, People’s Republic of China

    Ping Feng, Ruhong Yan, Xiaoli Dai, Xiaofang Xie, Huiyan Wen & Shun Yang

  2. Department of Medical Equipment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, People’s Republic of China

    Shun Yang

Authors
  1. Ping Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ruhong Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaoli Dai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaofang Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Huiyan Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shun Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shun Yang.

Additional information

Ping Feng and Ruhong Yan contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Feng, P., Yan, R., Dai, X. et al. The Alteration and Clinical Significance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Inflammation 38, 705–709 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-9980-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-9980-4

KEY WORDS

Search

Navigation