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Impact of Melanoma Diagnosis on Sun-Awareness and Protection: Efficacy of Education Campaigns in a High-Risk Population

  • Basic Clinical Science
  • Published:
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Background

Malignant melanoma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sun-awareness campaigns increase public knowledge but may not translate into behavioral changes in practice, which is particularly alarming when reported for individuals in high-risk groups. In particular, patients diagnosed with melanoma are at increased risk of developing subsequent primary melanomas compared with the general population.

Objectives

The study was undertaken (1) to assess whether patients with known risk factors for developing melanoma had been exposed to preventative campaign messages prior to their diagnosis, (2) to quantify whether the diagnosis of melanoma changed sun-related attitudes and behavior, and (3) to assess the adequacy of sun-related advice given to patients with melanoma, as well as their compliance with the advice.

Methods

Using an anonymous questionnaire, 217 patients previously diagnosed with melanoma were interviewed on the source and frequency of received sun-related advice, as well as on their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward sun protection before and after the diagnosis.

Results

The number of patients who reported receiving sun-related advice after being diagnosed with melanoma increased by 36% (52% pre-vs. 88% postDiagnosis), with advice being given more frequently and more often by a physician (19% pre- vs. 49% postdiagnosis). Furthermore, sun-related attitudes and behavioral practices were positively altered. Yet, patients with known risk factors were not preferentially targeted for advice before their diagnosis.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of melanoma leads to increased sunwareness and protection. While dermatologists should continue their efforts to promote and reinforce sun-awareness in patients with melanoma, additional emphasis on preventative targeting of high-risk individuals would be of marked benefit in decreasing the overall incidence of melanoma. Non-dermatologists, such as family physicians, can be key players in this preventative campign, and can be educated to recognize and educate patients at risk, as well as direct them to be followed under dermatology care.

Sommaire

Antécédents

Le mélanome malin est une importante cause de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde entier. Les campagnes de sensibilisation aux effets des rayons du soleil contribuent à augmenter les connaissances du public sans nécessairement mener à un changement dans le comportement des individus, ce qui est alarmant dans le cas des personnes appartenant à des groupes à risque élevé. Plus particulièrernent, le risque de développer un mélanome primaire subséquent chez les patients qui présentent déjà un mélanome se trouve supérieur au risque couru par la population en général.

Objectifs

L’étude a été initiée en vue 1) d’évaluer si les patients ayant des facteurs de risque connus pour développer un mélanome ont été exposés aux messages des campagnes préventives avant leur diagnostic; 2) de quantifier le changement d’attitude et de comportement face aux rayons de soleil la suite du diagnostic du mélanome; et 3) d’évaluer la pertinence de l’avis concernant l’exposition au soleil que les patients ayant un mélanome ont reçu et de vérifier leur degré de conformité à ùn tel avis.

Méthodes

Au moyen d’un questionnaire anonyme, on a precédé à une entrevue auprès de 217 patients ayant déjà reçu un diagnostic de mélanome. Les questions portaient sur la fréquence à laquelle ils ont reçu des conseils relativement à l’exposition au soleil, à la source de ces conseils, ainsi que sur leurs connaissances, leurs attitudes et leur comportement à l’égard de la protection contre le soleil, avant et après le diagnostic.

Resultats

Le nombre de patients qui ont indiqué avoir reçu des conseils relativement à la protection contre le soleil après le diagnostic du mélanome avait augmenté de 36 % (52% avant, contre 88% après le diagnostic), avec les conseils prodigués de plus en plus fréquemment par le médecin (19 % avant, contre 49 % après le diagnostic). En outre, les attitudes et le comportement à l’égard de l’exposition au soleil avaient changé pour le mieux. Toutefois, les patients présentant des facteurs de risque connus n’étaient pas particulièrement visés par les conseils avant le diagnostic.

Conclusion

Le diagnostic du mélanome entraîne une hausse de la sensibilisation aux effets des rayons du soleil et une protection accrue contre le soleil. Alors que les dermatologues doivent poursuivre leurs efforts de promotion des effets néfastes du soleil auprès des patients souffrant de mélanome, une action plus dynamique, entreprise auprès des personnes présentant un risque élevé, aurait des effets positifs dans la réduction de l’incidence générale de mélanome. Les médecins qui sont pas dermatologues, tels que les médecins de famille peuvent être des acteurs clés dans les campagnes de prévention et peuvent être formés afin de reconnaître et d’éduquer les patients à risque ainsi qu’à les recommandés aux soins d’un dermatologue.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, 3550 Jeanne-Mance St., Suit 2506, H2X3P7 , Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Anatoli Freiman, John Yu & Beatrice Wang

  2. Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Antoine Loutfi

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  1. Anatoli Freiman
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  2. John Yu
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  4. Beatrice Wang
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Correspondence to Anatoli Freiman.

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Freiman, A., Yu, J., Loutfi, A. et al. Impact of Melanoma Diagnosis on Sun-Awareness and Protection: Efficacy of Education Campaigns in a High-Risk Population. J Cutan Med Surg 8, 303–309 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-005-0009-3

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