Abstract
DCE MRI is an established component of multi-parametric MRI of the prostate. The sequence highlights the vascularization of cancerous lesions, allowing readers to corroborate suspicious findings on T2W and DW MRI and to note subtle lesions not visible on the other sequences. In this article, we review the technical aspects, methods of evaluation, limitations, and future perspectives of DCE MRI.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Humphrey PA (2014) Cancers of the male reproductive organs. In: Stewart BW, Wild CP (eds) World cancer report. Lyon: World Health Organization
Delongchamps NB, Singh A, Haas GP (2006) The role of prevalence in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Cancer Control 13(3):158–168
Ries LAG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, et al. (eds) (1975–2004) SEER cancer statistics review, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 2007. Available on http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2004/
Fütterer JJ, Briganti A, De Visschere P, et al. (2015) Can clinically significant prostate cancer be detected with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging? A systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol. 68(6):1045–1053
Guo R, Cai L, Fan Y, et al. (2015) Magnetic resonance imaging on disease reclassification among active surveillance candidates with low-risk prostate cancer: a diagnostic meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. doi:10.1038/PCan.2015.20
Hoeks CM, Barentsz JO, Hambrock T, et al. (2011) Prostate cancer: multiparametric MR imaging for detection, localization, and staging. Radiology 261:46–66
Qayyum A, Coakley FV, Lu Y, et al. (2004) Organ-confined prostate cancer: effect of prior transrectal biopsy on endorectal MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging. Am J Roentgenol 183(4):1079–1083
Hedgire SS, Eberhardt SC, Borczuk R, McDermott S, Harisinghani MG (2014) Interpretation and reporting multiparametric prostate MRI: a primer for residents and novices. Abdom Imaging. 39(5):1036–1051
Alonzi R, Padhani AR, Allen C (2007) Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in prostate cancer. Eur J Radiol 63:335–350
Tan CH, Wang J, Kundra V (2011) Diffusion weighted imaging in prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 21:593–603
Verma S, Turkbey B, Muradyan N, et al. (2012) Overview of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in prostate cancer diagnosis and management. Am J Roentgenol 198(6):1277–1288
Bonekamp D, Macura KJ (2008) Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the prostate. Top Magn Reson Imaging 19(6):273–284
Turkbey B, Mena E, Aras O, et al. (2013) Functional and molecular imaging: applications for diagnosis and staging of localised prostate cancer. Clin Oncol 25(8):451–460
Wegiel B, Bjartell A, Ekberg J, et al. (2005) A role for cyclin A1 in mediating the autocrine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer. Oncogene 24:6385–6393
Green MM, Hiley CT, Shanks JH, et al. (2007) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in locally invasive prostate cancer is prognostic for radiotherapy outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67:84–90
Mucci LA, Powolny A, Giovannucci E, et al. (2009) Prospective study of prostate tumor angiogenesis and cancer-specific mortality in the health professionals follow-up study. J Clin Oncol 27:5627–5633
Erbersdobler A, Isbarn H, Dix K, et al. (2010) Prognostic value of microvessel density in prostate cancer: a tissue microarray study. World J Urol 28:687–692
Mucci LA, Powolny A, Giovannucci E, et al. (2009) Prospective study of prostate tumor angiogenesis and cancer-specific mortality in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. J Clin Oncol 27:5627–5633
Folkman J (1971) Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285:1182–1186
de Bazelaire CM, Duhamel GD, Rofsky NM (2004) MR imaging relaxation times of abdominal and pelvic tissues measured in vivo at 3.0 T: preliminary results. Radiology 230(3):652–659
Sertdemir M, Schoenberg SO, Sourbron S (2013) Interscanner comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in prostate cancer: 1.5 versus 3 T MRI. Invest Radiol 48(2):92–97
Muller BG, Kaushal A, Sankineni S, et al. (2015) Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion-assisted biopsy for the diagnosis of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 33(10):425.e1–425.e6
American College of Radiology (2015) MR prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.0. http://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/PIRADS/. Accessed 7 2015
Engelbrecht MR, Huisman HJ, Laheij RJ, et al. (2003) Discrimination of prostate cancer form normal peripheral zone and central gland tissue by using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 229:248–254
Girouin N, Mege-Lechevallier F, Tonina Senes A, et al. (2007) Prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with simple visual diagnostic criteria: is it reasonable? Eur Radiol 17(6):1498–1509
Nicholson B, Schaeffer G, Theodorescu D (2001) Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: biology and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 20:297–319
Bigler SA, Deering RE, Brawer MK (1993) Comparison of microscopic vascularity in benign and malignant prostate tissue. Human Pathol 24:220–226
Siegal JA, Yu E, Brawer MK (1995) Topography of neovascularity in human prostate carcinoma. Cancer 75:2545–2551
Oto A, Kayhan A, Jiang Y, et al. (2010) Prostate cancer: differentiation of central gland cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia by using diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 257(3):715–723
Hansford BG, Peng Y, Jiang Y, et al. (2015) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging curve-type analysis: is it helpful in the differentiation of prostate cancer from healthy peripheral zone? Radiology 275(2):448–457
Noworoslski SM, Henry RG, Vigneron DB, et al. (2005) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in normal and abnormal prostate tissues as defined by biopsy, MRI and 3D MRSI. Magn Reson Med 53:249–255
Bonekamp D, Jacobs MA, El-Khouli R, et al. (2011) Advancements in MR imaging of the prostate; from diagnosis to interventions. RadioGraphics 31(3):677–703
Barentz JO, Richenberg J, Clements R, et al. (2012) ESUR prostate MR guidelines 2012. Eur Radiol 22(4):746–757
Tofts PS, Brix G, Buckley DL, et al. (1999) Estimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI of a diffusible tracer: standardized quantities and symbols. J Magn Reson Imaging 10(3):2223–2232
Van Dorsten FA, van der Graaf M, Engelbrecht MR, et al. (2004) Combined quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging of human prostate cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 20:279–287
Knopp MV, Giesel FL, Marecos H, et al. (2001) Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in oncology. Top Magn Reson Imaging 12:301–308
Futteter JJ, Engelbrecht MR, Huisman HJ, et al. (2005) Staging prostate cancer with dynamic contrast-enhanced endorectal MR imaging prior to radical prostatectomy: experienced versus less experienced readers. Radiology 237:541–549
Ocak L, Bernardo M, Metzger G, et al. (2007) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of prostate cancer a 3T: a study of pharmacokinetic parameters. AJR 189(849):W192–W201
Isebart S, DeKeyzer F, Haustermans K, et al. (2012) Evaluation of semi-quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters for prostate cancer correlation to whole-mount histopathology. Eur J Radiol 81:e217–e222
Rosenkrantz AB, Sabach A, Babb JS, et al. (2013) Prostate Cancer: comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI techniques for localization of peripheral zone tumor. AJR 3:W471–W478
Turkbey B, Pinto PA, Mani H, et al. (2010) Prostate cancer: value of multiparametric MR imaging at 3 T for detection—histopathologic correlation. Radiology 255:89–99
Hansford BG, Karademir I, Peng Y, et al. (2014) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging features of the normal central zone of the prostate. Acad Radiol 21(5):569–577
Tan CH, Hobbs BP, Wei W, Kundra V (2015) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for the detection of prostate cancer: meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol 204:W439–W448
Muller BG, van den Bos W, Brausi M, et al. (2015) Follow-up modalities in focal therapy for prostate cancer: results from a Delphi consensus project. World J. Urol. Available on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559111. Accessed 6 Jan 2015
Cha D, Kim CK, Park SY, Park JJ, Park BK (2014) Evaluation of suspected soft tissue lesion in the prostate bed after radical prostatectomy using 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 33(4):407–412
Roy C, Foudi F, Charton J, et al. (2013) Comparative sensitivities of functional MRI sequences in detection of local recurrence of prostate carcinoma after radical prostatectomy or external-beam radiotherapy. Am J Roentgenol 200(4):W361–W368
Sciarra A, Panebianco V, Salciccia S, et al. (2008) Role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in the detection of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Eur Urol 54(3):589–600
Cirillo S, Petracchini M, Scotti L, et al. (2009) Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla to assess local recurrence following radical prostatectomy using T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced imaging. Eur Radiol 19(3):761–769
Barrett T, Davidson S (2014) Enhanced MRI as a predictor of vascular-targeted photodynamic focal ablation therapy outcome in prostate cancer post-failed external beam radiation therapy. Can Urol 8:708–714
Low RN, Fuller DB, Muradyan N (2011) Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced perfusion MRI of prostate cancer: assessment of response to hypofractionated robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy. Am J Roentgenol 197(4):907–915
Vos EK, Litjens GJS, Kobus T, et al. (2013) Assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Eur Urol 64(3):448–455
Moradi M, Salcudean SE, Chang SD, et al. (2012) Multiparametric MRI maps for detection and grading of dominant prostate tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 35(6):1403–1413
Turkbey B, Pinto P, Mani H, et al. (2010) Prostate cancer: value of multiparametric MR imaging at 3 T for detection—histopathologifc correlation. Radiology 255(1):89–99
Franiel T, Lüdemann L, Rudolph B, et al. (2008) Evaluation of normal prostate tissue, chronic prostatitis, and prostate cancer by quantitative perfusion analysis using a dynamic contrast-enhanced inversion-prepared. Investig Radiol 43(7):481–487
Aydin H, Hekimogl B, Tatar IG (2013) Limitations, disabilities, and pitfalls of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as a diagnostic modality in prostate cancer. Am J Roentgenol 200(3):W326
Lim C, Quon J, McInnes M, et al. (2015) Does a cleansing enema improve image quality of 3T surface coil multiparametric prostate MRI? J Magn Reson Imaging 42(3):689–697
McDonald RJ, McDonald JS, Kallmes DF, et al. (2015) Intracranial gadolinium deposition after contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 275(3):772–782
Niaf E, Lartizien C, Bratan F, et al. (2014) Prostate focal peripheral zone lesions: characterization at multiparametric MR imaging-influence of a computer-aided diagnosis system. Radiology 271(3):761–769
Scheenen TWJ, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, Fütterer JJ (2015) Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer management: current status and future perspectives. Investig Radiol . doi:10.1097/RLI.0000000000000163
Wang S, Burtt K, Turkbey B, Choyke P, Summers RM (2014) Computer aided-diagnosis of prostate cancer on multiparametric MRI: a technical review of current research. BioMed Res Int 2014:789561
Kwak JT, Xu S, Wood BJ, et al. (2015) Automated prostate cancer detection using T2-weighted and high-b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Med Phys 42(5):2368–2378
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Rose M. Berman and Anna M. Brown have contributed equally for this manuscript.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Berman, R.M., Brown, A.M., Chang, S.D. et al. DCE MRI of prostate cancer. Abdom Radiol 41, 844–853 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0589-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0589-3