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Liver (Including Intrahepatic Bile Ducts)

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AJCC Cancer Staging Manual

Summary of Changes

The T categories in this edition have been redefined and simplified.

All solitary tumors without vascular invasion, regardless of size, are classified as Tl because of similar prognosis.

All solitary tumors with vascular invasion (again regardless of size) are combined with multiple tumors ≤ 5 cm and classified as T2 because of similar prognosis.

Multiple tumors > 5 cm and tumors with evidence of major vascular invasion are combined and classified as T3 because of similarly poor prognosis.

Tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum are classified separately as T4.

The separate subcategory for multiple bilobar tumors has been eliminated because of a lack of distinct prognostic value.

T3 NO tumors and tumors with lymph node involvement are combined into Stage III because of similar prognosis.

Stage IV defines metastatic disease only. The subcategories IVA and IVB have been eliminated.

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Authors and Affiliations

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    American Joint Committee on Cancer

    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA

      Frederick L. Greene M.D. (Chair) (Chair)

    2. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

      David L. Page M.D. (Professor of Pathology and Epidemiology) (Professor of Pathology and Epidemiology)

    3. Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

      Irvin D. Fleming M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

    4. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

      April G. Fritz C.T.R., R.H.I.T.

    5. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

      Charles M. Balch M.D. (Professor of Surgery and Oncology) (Professor of Surgery and Oncology)

    6. University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

      Daniel G. Haller M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief for Clinical Affairs) (Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief for Clinical Affairs)

    7. Lynn Sage Breast Center, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

      Monica Morrow M.D. (Professor of Surgery and Director) (Professor of Surgery and Director)

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    © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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    American Joint Committee on Cancer. (2002). Liver (Including Intrahepatic Bile Ducts). In: Greene, F.L., et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3656-4_14

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3656-4_14

    • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

    • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00595-7

    • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3656-4

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